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"The attitude of the Bolshevik regime to Red Army soldiers, who were captured, had in the years of the Civil War. Then they were shot without trial ... "These words veteran academician Alexander Yakovlev in his book" Twilight "marked one of the worst disasters of the Great Patriotic War, the first day of which was captured cruel ordeal for millions of Soviet soldiers and officers. Most of it was worth living, and those who survived nearly a dozen years wore on itself stigma of traitors.
Statistics Department authorized by SNK for repatriation says that most of the prisoners came in the first two years of the war: in 1941 - nearly two million (49%) in 1942 - 1.339 million (33%) in 1943 - m - 487,000 (12%) in 1944 - 203 000 (5%) and in 1945 - 40 600 (1%).
The vast majority of soldiers and officers were captured against their will - were wounded patients. In captivity died before two million soldiers and officers. Back in the USSR repatriated more than 1.8 million former prisoners of war, of which about 160,000 have refused to return.
However, all this tragic human figure appeared only after the Victory Day. In the early days of the Great Patriotic have no data on the progress of the fighting, but the repressive apparatus of the Soviet regime has provided possible negative consequences and found it necessary to suspend the bud.
On the sixth day of the war, June 28, 1941, stamped "Top Secret" issued a joint order KGB, NKVD and the Procuracy of the USSR "On the prosecution traitors and their families." mich helmet In these recorded and family missing. During the investigation got even soldiers who stayed for the front line just a few days. Soldiers and commanders who broke out of encirclement, greeted as potential mich helmet traitors.
According mich helmet to Soviet law in force before the war, handing a prisoner that does not cause combat situation was considered serious war crime and punishable by a higher degree of punishment - shooting with confiscation of property. In addition, Soviet legislation was included responsibility for direct transition soldier on the side of the enemy, escape or flight abroad. These crimes were viewed as treason and punishable by death, and adult family members traitor prosecuted. Thus, Soviet legislation implies that the soldier, who was captured on beyond his circumstances, conditions caused by combat situation, the prosecution was not subject. In the legislation there were no restrictions mich helmet on the logistics, distribution of benefits and privileges to family members of servicemen, who were captured.
Decree of the State Committee of Defense of the USSR on July 16, 1941 captured and location for the front line qualify as crimes. And exactly one month was the order of the Supreme Command Red Army 270 "On Responsibility of soldiers for the surrender of captured enemy weapons and abandonment." He did not publish, but only read out "in all battalions, squadrons, batteries, e
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